【提要】 為對(duì)潔凈室內(nèi)的污染進(jìn)行控制,首先必須研究危險(xiǎn)。研究生產(chǎn)過程中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有許多體系,例如故障分析(FTA)與故障模式與效果分析(FMEA)?!拔kU(xiǎn)分析和關(guān)鍵控制點(diǎn)”有7個(gè)步驟,本文所提到的是所建議的體系,供參考。
第三步:制定危害控制方法
在列出潔凈室內(nèi)所有污染危害并分析了其危險(xiǎn)程度后,必須審定控制方法。有效控制方法的重要性應(yīng)與危險(xiǎn)分析相關(guān)聯(lián)。危險(xiǎn)越大,控制方法就越要有效。而且,還必須顯示出控制方法確是有效的。否則的話,就要采用更有效的控制方法,或?qū)⒖刂品椒☉?yīng)用于不同的點(diǎn)或不同的位置。如下表潔凈室內(nèi)的污染源、傳播途徑、控制與監(jiān)測(cè)方法所示(表一)。
危害 |
途徑 |
控制方法 |
監(jiān)測(cè)方法 |
送風(fēng) |
懸浮 |
空氣過濾器 |
過濾器完整性測(cè)試 |
潔凈室毗鄰區(qū)域 |
懸浮 |
正壓,氣流控制 |
房間壓差 |
接觸 |
潔凈室熱 |
對(duì)墊子檢查 |
各類懸浮傳播 |
懸浮 |
通風(fēng) |
送風(fēng)量或風(fēng)速 |
懸浮粒子計(jì)數(shù) |
懸浮微生物計(jì)數(shù) |
氣流控制 |
地面、墻及 其他表面 |
接觸 |
清潔(需要 時(shí)消毒) |
表面粒子計(jì)數(shù) |
表面粒子計(jì)數(shù); 檢查破損 |
人員 |
懸浮 |
潔凈室服裝 |
粒子穿透測(cè)試 |
第四步:危害監(jiān)測(cè)采樣法及控制法
在潔凈室運(yùn)行控制中還必須設(shè)定限值,以確保對(duì)生產(chǎn)工藝的污染處在控制之中。以空氣為例,測(cè)量粒子和微生物已有既定的方法,可應(yīng)用ISO14644-1這樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來設(shè)定限值。但若由于人員與產(chǎn)品的接觸造成了危害,其控制措施就是戴手套,其監(jiān)測(cè)就包括檢查手套的破損處,測(cè)量手套表面的粒子或微生物。
關(guān)于監(jiān)測(cè),需由以下內(nèi)容組成:
-
采樣儀器的采樣效率。
-
儀器校準(zhǔn)。
-
確定需要予以監(jiān)測(cè)的重要的危害。
-
確定所使用的采樣方法都是能夠使用的最好方法,可直接測(cè)量污染危害,或直接測(cè)試控制危害的方法。
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